Umwaka ushize byagaragaye ko ari coaster yukuri yo guhirika ubutegetsi no kwiteza imbere, biganisha ku kwiyongera kw'igipimo cy’imikoreshereze y’imashini za robo mu turere tumwe na tumwe ndetse no kugabanuka mu tundi turere, ariko biracyerekana ishusho y’iterambere ry’imashini zikomeza kwiyongera.
Amakuru yerekanye ko 2020 ari umwaka udasanzwe w’umuvurungano kandi utoroshye, ntiwatewe gusa n’irimbuka ritigeze ribaho ry’icyorezo cya COVID-19 n’ingaruka zijyanye n’ubukungu, ariko kandi n’ikibazo kidashidikanywaho gikunze guherekeza imyaka y’amatora, kubera ko amasosiyete ahumeka ku byemezo bikomeye kugeza igihe politiki igomba gukemura mu myaka ine iri imbere izagaragara neza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa ku ikoreshwa rya robo ryakozwe na Automation World bwerekanye ko kubera ko hakenewe gukomeza intera y’imibereho, kongera gushyigikira urwego rutanga amasoko, no kongera ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, inganda zimwe na zimwe zihagaze neza zabonye iterambere ryinshi muri za robo, mu gihe abandi bemeza ko ishoramari ryahagaze kubera ko ibicuruzwa byabo byagabanutse kandi inzira zabo zo gufata ibyemezo zikaba zarahungabanije ibibazo bya politiki n’ubukungu.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ukurikije imbaraga z’imivurungano zumwaka ushize, ubwumvikane rusange hagati yabatanga robot-ibyinshi bikaba byemezwa mumibare yacu yubushakashatsi-ni uko umurima wabo uteganijwe gukomeza kwiyongera cyane, hamwe no gukoresha robo mugihe cya vuba Bikwiye gukomeza kwihuta mubihe biri imbere.
Kimwe na robo ikorana (cobots), robot zigendanwa nazo zishobora kwihutisha iterambere, kuko robot nyinshi zirenze porogaramu zagenwe kuri sisitemu yimashini zoroshye. Igipimo cyo kwakirwa kugeza ubu mu babajijwe babajijwe, 44.9% by'ababajijwe bavuze ko ibikoresho byabo byo guteranya no gukora ubu bakoresha robot nk'igice cy'ibikorwa byabo. By'umwihariko, mubafite robot, 34.9% bakoresha robot ikorana (cobots), mugihe 65.1% basigaye bakoresha robot yinganda gusa.
Hano hari caveats. Abacuruzi ba robo babajijwe kuriyi ngingo bemeza ko ibisubizo byubushakashatsi bihuye nibyo babona muri rusange. Icyakora, babonye ko kwemerwa mu nganda zimwe na zimwe bigaragara ko byateye imbere kurusha izindi.
Kurugero, cyane cyane mu nganda zikora ibinyabiziga, igipimo cyinjira muri robo ni kinini cyane, kandi automatisation yagezweho kera mbere yizindi nganda nyinshi zihagaritse. Mark Joppru, visi perezida w’ibikoresho by’imashini n’ibikorwa bya serivisi muri ABB, yavuze ko ibyo bitatewe gusa n’uko inganda z’imodoka zifite ubushobozi bwo gushora imari myinshi mu bikorwa by’imari, ariko nanone bitewe n’imiterere itajenjetse kandi isanzwe y’inganda zikoresha amamodoka, zishobora kugerwaho hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rihamye.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kubwimpamvu imwe, gupakira byanabonye ubwiyongere bwikora, nubwo imashini nyinshi zipakira zimura ibicuruzwa kumurongo zidahuye na robo mumaso yabantu bamwe. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, mu myaka yashize, amaboko ya robo yakoreshejwe cyane, rimwe na rimwe ku magare agendanwa, ku ntangiriro no ku iherezo ry’umurongo wo gupakira, aho bakora imirimo yo gutunganya ibintu nko gupakira, gupakurura, no gupakira. Ni muri izi porogaramu zikoreshwa niho iterambere ry’imashini zapanze biteganijwe ko rizagera ku iterambere ryinshi.
Muri icyo gihe, amaduka mato atunganyirizwa hamwe n’abakora amasezerano-bafite imvange nyinshi, ingano ntoya (HMLV) ibidukikije bikenera guhinduka cyane - baracyafite inzira ndende yo gukoresha robotike. Nk’uko byatangajwe na Joe Campbell, umuyobozi mukuru wa Universal Robots iteza imbere porogaramu, iyi niyo soko nyamukuru yo gukurikira kwakirwa. Mubyukuri, Campbell yizera ko umubare rusange w’abana barera kugeza ubu ushobora no kuba munsi ya 44.9% dusanga mu bushakashatsi bwacu, kubera ko yizera ko imishinga mito n'iciriritse (SMEs) ikorerwa n’isosiyete ye yirengagizwa ku buryo bworoshye kandi ahanini ikaba ikiri amashyirahamwe y’ubucuruzi atagaragara, ubushakashatsi ku nganda n’andi makuru.
Campbell yagize ati: "Igice kinini cy'isoko mu by'ukuri ntabwo gikoreshwa neza n’umuryango wose w’imodoka. Tuzakomeza gushakisha byinshi [SMEs] buri cyumweru, niba bihari, impamyabumenyi yabo yo hasi ni mike cyane. Ntibafite robot, bityo rero iki ni ikibazo gikomeye ku karere kazamuka kazoza." Ati: "Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwakozwe n’ishyirahamwe n’abandi bamamaji ntibushobora kugera kuri aba bantu. Ntabwo bitabira imurikagurisha. Sinzi umubare w’ibitabo byikora bareba, ariko aya masosiyete mato afite ubushobozi bwo kuzamuka."
Gukora ibinyabiziga nimwe mu nganda zihagaritse, kandi mugihe cyicyorezo cya COVID-19 hamwe nugufunga bifitanye isano, icyifuzo cyaragabanutse cyane, bituma ikoreshwa rya robo ryihuta aho kwihuta. Ingaruka ya COVID-19 Nubwo abantu benshi bemeza ko COVID-19 izihutisha ikoreshwa ry’imashini za robo, kimwe mu byatangaje cyane mu bushakashatsi bwacu ni uko 75,6% by’ababajijwe bavuze ko icyorezo kitigeze kibasunikira kugura robot nshya mu bigo byabo. Byongeye kandi, 80% byabantu bazanye ama robo mugusubiza icyorezo baguze batanu cyangwa barenga.
Birumvikana ko nkuko bamwe mubacuruzi babigaragaje, ibi byagaragaye ntabwo bivuze ko COVID-19 yagize ingaruka mbi rwose ku ikoreshwa rya robo. Ibinyuranye na byo, ibi birashobora gusobanura ko urugero icyorezo cyihutisha robotike gitandukana cyane hagati yinganda zitandukanye. Rimwe na rimwe, abayikora baguze ama robo mashya mu 2020, ashobora kuba asubiza izindi mpamvu zijyanye na COVID-19 mu buryo butaziguye, nko gukenera kwiyongera kw'ibisabwa cyangwa kwinjiza inganda zihagaritse vuba vuba ku bakozi. Guhagarika urunigi bihatira gusubira inyuma kumurima.
Kurugero, Scott Marsic, umuyobozi mukuru wumushinga muri Epson Robotics, yagaragaje ko isosiyete ye imaze kwiyongera ku bikoresho bikingira umuntu (PPE) mu gihe hakenewe ibikoresho bikingira umuntu (PPE). Marsic yashimangiye ko inyungu nyamukuru za robo muri izo nganda zibanze ku kongera umusaruro, aho gukoresha robot mu gutandukanya umusaruro kugira ngo abantu bagere ku mibereho. Muri icyo gihe, nubwo inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zageze ku buryo bwikora kandi zikaba ari isoko isanzwe yo kugura robot nshya, kuzibira byagabanije icyifuzo cyo gutwara abantu ku buryo bugaragara, bityo icyifuzo cyaragabanutse. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ayo masosiyete yazigamye amafaranga menshi yakoreshejwe.
Marsic yagize ati: "Mu mezi 10 ashize, imodoka yanjye yatwaye ibirometero 2000. Sinahinduye amavuta cyangwa amapine mashya." Ati: "Icyifuzo cyanjye cyaragabanutse. Iyo urebye inganda zikora amamodoka, bazakurikiza. Niba nta bisabwa ku bice by'imodoka, ntibazashora imari mu buryo bwihuse. Ku rundi ruhande, iyo urebye icyifuzo kigenda cyiyongera Mu bice nk'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, imiti, ndetse n'ibipfunyika by'abaguzi, bazabona ibisabwa [kwiyongera], kandi aha niho hagurishwa amarobo."
Melonee Wise, umuyobozi mukuru wa Fetch Robotics, yavuze ko kubera impamvu nk'izo, habayeho kwiyongera kw'imashini za robo mu bikoresho no mu bubiko. Mugihe abaguzi benshi murugo batumiza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye kumurongo, ibyifuzo byiyongereye.
Ku ngingo yo gukoresha ama robo mu kure y’imibereho, igisubizo rusange cy’ababajijwe cyari gifite intege nke, aho 16.2% gusa by’ababajijwe bavuze ko iki ari cyo cyatumye bafata icyemezo cyo kugura robot nshya. Impamvu zikomeye zigaragara mu kugura ama robo zirimo kugabanya ibiciro byakazi ku kigero cya 62.2%, kongera umusaruro ku kigero cya 54.1%, no gukemura ikibazo cy’abakozi batageze kuri 37.8%.
Bifitanye isano nibi nuko mubaguze ama robo basubiza COVID-19, 45% bavuze ko baguze ama robo akorana, mugihe 55% basigaye bahitamo ama robo yinganda. Kubera ko ama robo akorana akenshi afatwa nkigisubizo cyiza cya robo mugutandukanya imibereho kuko bashoboye gukorana neza nabantu mugihe bagerageza gutandukanya imirongo cyangwa ibice byakazi, barashobora kuba bafite munsi yumubare uteganijwe kwakirwa mubakira icyorezo Byashimangiwe kandi ko impungenge zijyanye nigiciro cyumurimo no kuboneka, ubwiza nibisohoka ari byinshi.
Amahugurwa mato mato hamwe nabakora mumasezerano muruvange rwinshi, umwanya muto urashobora kugereranya imipaka ikurikiraho muri robotike, cyane cyane robot ikorana (cobots) izwi cyane kubera guhinduka kwayo. Guteganya kuzakirwa ejo hazaza Urebye imbere, ibiteganijwe kubatanga robot birababaje. Benshi bemeza ko uko amatora arangiye no gutanga inkingo za COVID-19 byiyongera, inganda aho imvururu z’isoko zadindije ikoreshwa rya robo zizongera gukenerwa cyane. Muri icyo gihe, izo nganda zabonye iterambere ziteganijwe gutera imbere ku buryo bwihuse.
Nkibishobora kuburira ibyifuzo byabatanga isoko ryinshi, ibisubizo byubushakashatsi biragereranijwe gato, aho bitarenze kimwe cya kane cyababajijwe bavuga ko bateganya kongeramo robot umwaka utaha. Muri aba babajijwe, 56.5% barateganya kugura ama robo akorana, naho 43.5% barateganya kugura ama robo asanzwe yinganda.
Icyakora, abatanga isoko bamwe bavuze ko ibyateganijwe hasi cyane mubisubizo byubushakashatsi bishobora kuyobya. Kurugero, Bwenge yemera ko kubera ko kwishyiriraho sisitemu ya robo gakondo isanzwe rimwe na rimwe bifata igihe kingana n’amezi 9-15, ababajijwe benshi bavuze ko badateganya kongeramo izindi robo umwaka utaha bashobora kuba bafite imishinga ikomeje. Byongeye kandi, Joppru yerekanye ko nubwo 23% gusa by’ababajijwe bateganya kongera robo, abantu bamwe bashobora kwiyongera cyane, bivuze ko iterambere rusange ry’inganda rishobora kwiyongera ku buryo bugaragara.
Ku bijyanye n’ibintu bituma igura rya robo zihariye, 52.8% bavuze ko koroshya imikoreshereze, 52,6% bavuze ko ibikoresho by’ibikoresho bya robo birangira, naho 38.5% bonyine ni bo bashishikajwe n’imikoranire yihariye. Igisubizo gisa nkicyerekana ko guhinduka, kuruta ibikorwa byumutekano bikorana ubwabyo, bigenda byiyongera kubakoresha amaherezo ya robo ikorana.
Ibi biragaragara rwose mubice bya HMLV. Ku ruhande rumwe, abayikora bagomba guhangana n’ibibazo by’ibiciro byinshi by’umurimo no kubura abakozi. Kurundi ruhande, ibicuruzwa ubuzima buzenguruka ni bigufi, bisaba guhinduka byihuse no kongera umusaruro uhinduka. Doug Burnside, visi perezida wa Yaskawa-Motoman ushinzwe kugurisha no kwamamaza muri Amerika ya Ruguru, yagaragaje ko gukoresha imirimo y'amaboko kugira ngo uhangane na paradox yo guhinduka byihuse mu byukuri byoroshye kuko abantu basanzwe bahuza n'imiterere. Gusa iyo automatike yatangijwe iyi nzira izarushaho kuba ingorabahizi. Ariko, kongera ubwuzuzanye muguhuza icyerekezo, ubwenge bwubuhanga, nibindi bikoresho bitandukanye kandi byuburyo butandukanye birashobora gufasha gutsinda ibyo bibazo.
Ahandi hantu, robot irashobora kwerekana akamaro mubice bimwe, ariko itaratangira kuyikoresha. Nk’uko Joppru abitangaza ngo ABB imaze kugirana ibiganiro byambere n’inganda za peteroli na gaze ku bijyanye no kwinjiza robot nshya mu bikorwa byabo byo mu murima, nubwo ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imishinga rishobora gutwara imyaka myinshi.
Joppru yagize ati: "Mu rwego rwa peteroli na gaze, haracyari inzira nyinshi zikoreshwa mu ntoki. Abantu batatu bafata umuyoboro, hanyuma bakawuzenguruka, bagafata umuyoboro mushya, bakawuhuza kugira ngo bashobore gucukura izindi metero 20." Ati: "Turashobora gukoresha intwaro za robo kugira ngo dukoreshe mu buryo bwikora, kugira ngo dukureho imirimo irambiranye, yanduye kandi iteje akaga? Uru ni urugero. Twaganiriye n'abakiriya ko ako ari agace gashya kinjira muri robo, kandi ntiturabasha kugikurikirana."
Hamwe nibitekerezo, nubwo amahugurwa atunganyirizwa, abakora amasezerano, ninganda nto n'iziciriritse zuzuye za robo nkabakora ibinyabiziga binini, haracyari ibyumba byinshi byo kwaguka mugihe kizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-27-2021
