Imashini za robo zo mu Bushinwa ntizishobora byose. Bakeneye abantu

Kimwe n'ibihugu byinshi byateye imbere muri iki gihe, Ubushinwa buhura n'ikibazo cyo kubura abakozi babishoboye. Gukenera byihutirwa kugabanya abakozi no kongera umusaruro byatumye Beijing izana igisubizo: shyira robot nyinshi mu nganda. Ariko, ibyo ntibizafasha.
Mu rwego rwo kunoza imirongo ishobora kubyara ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro kanini, Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa yashyize ahagaragara gahunda yo gusaba Robot Plus mu kwezi gushize. Ifite intego isobanutse: gukuba kabiri ubucucike bwa robo mu rwego rw’inganda mu 2025 kuva kuri 246 ku bakozi 10,000 mu 2020. Gahunda irasaba kwagura ikoreshwa ry’imashini zirimo amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi n’umuyaga ndetse n’ingufu zikomeye.
Ubu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga bugamije ni uburyo bwa Beijing bwo gukora ibintu (tekereza “Byakozwe mu Bushinwa 2025 ″). Nk’uko ikinyamakuru Daiwa Capital Markets Hong Kong Ltd kibitangaza ngo ubwinshi bwa robo bugomba kwiyongera ku gipimo cya 13% ku mwaka (1) kugira ngo bugere ku ntego ya nyuma. Hagati aho, abakozi bakora mu gihugu bashobora kugabanuka mu myaka itatu iri imbere, nk'uko byagenze mu mwaka wa 2020.
Ibigo byamamaye murugo nka Estun Automation na Shenzhen Inovance Technology byubaka imashini zihuse, zisobanutse zishobora guteranya imodoka, kugenda muri 3D, no kugoreka muburyo bugoye - hafi nkukuboko kwabantu. Abandi barashobora gusudira, guhindura imigozi, no gukora ibimenyetso bya laser. Uruganda rukora ibyuma n’ibinyabiziga rukurikirana, aho ibicuruzwa byiyongereyeho 72% mu gihembwe gishize cya 2022. Isosiyete y’Abayapani Fanuc Corp. na Yaskawa Electric Corp. yari ifite umwanya wa mbere ku isoko kandi ihaza ibyifuzo byinshi.
Hagati aho, gahunda ya guverinoma yabanje gukora mu gukora inganda zatumye Ubushinwa bugira abakozi ba robo nini ku isi ndetse n’ibikorwa byinshi buri mwaka. Ibi bifasha kwihutisha inzira yumusaruro no kunoza neza inganda.
Ariko, gushyira robot nyinshi kumagorofa yo gukora ntabwo bivuze ko Ubushinwa buzagera ku iterambere ryihuse mu ikoranabuhanga no gusimbuka umusaruro. Mugihe izo mashini zagenewe kuziba icyuho cyabakozi, zirasaba kandi abantu bafite ubuhanga buhanitse kubona inyungu ziva mubikorwa byubwenge. Hatariho ibyangombwa bikwiye, abakozi ntibashobora guteganya no gukoresha ibikoresho byikora.
Urebye umuvuduko Ubushinwa bukoresha ubwo buhanga, miliyoni 300 z'abakozi bimukira muri iki gihugu ntibashobora kugira uruhare runini mu musaruro rusange w’imbere mu nganda. Kugeza mu 2021, 12,6% bonyine ni bo bafite impamyabumenyi ya kaminuza cyangwa irenga.
Ibi bihangayikishije abakozi benshi ku isi. Mu mpera z'iyi myaka icumi, abagera kuri 40 ku ijana by'ibikorwa byakozwe na miliyoni amagana y'abakozi bimukira mu mahanga bizaba byikora. Hamwe na kimwe cya kabiri cyabo bafite imyaka 41 nayirenga, kongera imyitozo biragoye. Hagati aho, gukurura abashinwa bato, bafite ubuhanga kandi bize bizatwara igihe - kandi ntibizabaho ku muvuduko wo kongera ubwinshi bwa robo cyangwa mu gihe cyagenwe na minisiteri. Mugihe kimwe, abantu bake kandi bake bahitamo kwishora mubikorwa, bahitamo serivisi. Aba baturage ubu ntibagendanwa, bashaka akazi hafi yurugo.
Kugira ngo abandi bata ishuri, abategura leta bakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo bashishikarize abakozi gusubira mu kazi kabo nyuma yo gukira zeru muri Covid. Inkunga zitari nke zatangajwe. Nyuma y'umwaka mushya w'ukwezi, ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bya bisi, indege na gari ya moshi byakanguriwe kujyana abantu mu bigo by’inganda n’ubwubatsi. Mu mujyi wa Dongguan wo mu majyepfo, abayobozi bakoresheje hafi miliyoni 3 z'amadolari mu gushaka abakozi. Mugihe ibi bishobora gufasha ibikorwa remezo na serivisi, izo mbaraga zirashobora guhungabana mugihe abantu bake bashoboye gukora robot zigoye muruganda.
Abanyapolitike barimo kwitondera amahugurwa no kuzamura abakozi. Bashishikariza kandi abashoramari gushora imari mu myuga. Irashobora gufasha, ariko Beijing ikeneye gukora byinshi kugirango abakozi bashobore gufata robo. Ikintu cya nyuma ashaka ni amatsinda yimashini zidafite akamaro.
Iyi nkingi ntabwo byanze bikunze yerekana ibitekerezo byabanditsi cyangwa Bloomberg LP na ba nyirayo.
Anjani Trivedi numwanditsi wibitekerezo bya Bloomberg. Ikubiyemo imirenge nka politiki n’amasosiyete mu buhanga, ibinyabiziga, ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi n’inganda za batiri mu karere ka Aziya-Pasifika. Mbere, yari umwanditsi w’imari n’isoko akaba n'umunyamakuru w'ikinyamakuru The Wall Street Journal. Mbere yibyo, yari umunyamabanki w'ishoramari i New York na London.