Ubushobozi bwikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi bukomeje kwiyongera. Imicungire yamakuru agezweho hamwe no kubika porogaramu za porogaramu zituma abatumaho bahita bategura imirimo ijyanye no gutera no gusarura kugirango ibicuruzwa bigende neza. Ifoto ya Frank Giles
Muri Virtual UF / IFAS Imurikagurisha ry’ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi muri Gicurasi, ibigo bitanu bizwi cyane by’ubuhinzi byaturutse muri Floride bitabiriye ibiganiro nyunguranabitekerezo. Jamie Williams, Umuyobozi ushinzwe ibikorwa muri Lipman Family Farms; Chuck Obern, nyiri Imirima ya C&B; Paul Meador, nyiri Gusarura Everglades; Charlie Lucas, Perezida wa Citrusi ihuriweho; Amerika, Ken McDuffie, visi perezida mukuru w’ibikorwa by’ibisheke mu isosiyete ikora isukari, yavuze uburyo bakoresha ikoranabuhanga kandi bumva uruhare rwayo mu bikorwa byabo.
Iyi mirima yakoresheje ibikoresho bijyanye n’umusaruro kugirango igere ikirenge mu cyu buhanga mu buhinzi igihe kirekire. Benshi muribo bafata gride y'icyitegererezo cy'imirima yabo kugirango bafumbire, kandi bagakoresha imashini itanga ubushyuhe bwubutaka hamwe nikirere kugirango bategure neza kandi neza.
Obern yagize ati: "Tumaze imyaka igera ku 10. dutoranya ubutaka bwa GPS." Ati: "Twashyizeho igenzura rya GPS ku bikoresho bya fumasi, abasaba ifumbire ndetse na spray. Dufite sitasiyo y’ikirere kuri buri murima, ku buryo igihe cyose dushaka kuyisura, barashobora kuduha imibereho."
Ati: "Ntekereza ko ikoranabuhanga ry'igiti-Reba rimaze igihe kinini, ari intambwe ikomeye kuri citrusi". Ati: "Turayikoresha mu buryo butandukanye, haba gutera, kuvomera ubutaka cyangwa gufumbira. Twabonye igabanuka rya 20% mu bikoresho bikoreshwa mu bikorwa bya Tree-Reba. Ibi ntabwo bifasha gusa kuzigama ishoramari, ahubwo binagira ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije. Ntoya.
Ati: "Ubu, turimo kandi dukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya lidar kuri spray nyinshi. Ntibazamenya gusa ingano y'ibiti, ahubwo n'ubucucike bw'ibiti. Ubucucike bwo gutahura buzafasha umubare w’ibisabwa guhinduka. Turizera ko dushingiye ku mirimo ibanza, dushobora kuzigama andi 20% kugeza kuri 30%. Wongeyeho ubwo buhanga bubiri hamwe kandi dushobora kubona kuzigama 40% kugeza kuri 50%. Ibyo ni binini."
Williams yagize ati: "Dukoresha GPS kugira ngo dutere amakosa yose kugira ngo tubashe kumenya ububi bwabo n'aho ari."
Abitabiriye ibiganiro bose bagaragaje ko babona amahirwe menshi y’ubushobozi burambye bwo gukusanya no gucunga amakuru kugira ngo habeho iterambere rirambye no gufata ibyemezo byinshi ku murima.
Imirima ya C&B yashyize mubikorwa ubu buryo bwikoranabuhanga kuva mu ntangiriro ya 2000. Ishiraho ibice byinshi byamakuru, ibafasha kurushaho kuba ingorabahizi mu igenamigambi no gushyira mu bikorwa ibihingwa birenga 30 byihariye bihingwa mu murima.
Umurima ukoresha amakuru kugirango urebe kuri buri murima no kumenya ibyateganijwe byinjira n'umusaruro uteganijwe kuri hegitari / icyumweru. Noneho barabihuza nibicuruzwa byagurishijwe kubakiriya. Hashingiwe kuri aya makuru, gahunda yo gucunga porogaramu yateguye gahunda yo gutera kugirango habeho urujya n'uruza rw'ibicuruzwa bisabwa mu gihe cy'isarura.
Ati: "Iyo tumaze kubona ikarita y'ahantu ho guhinga no kugihe, dufite umuyobozi wa software [software] ushobora gusohora akazi kuri buri gikorwa cyo gukora, nka disiki, uburiri, ifumbire, imiti yica ibyatsi, imbuto, kuhira Tegereza. Byose byikora."
Williams yerekanye ko nkuko amakuru akusanywa uko umwaka utashye, amakuru arashobora gutanga ubushishozi kugeza kumurongo.
Ati: “Kimwe mu bitekerezo twibanzeho mu myaka icumi ishize ni uko ikoranabuhanga rizakusanya amakuru menshi kandi rikoreshwe mu guhanura uburumbuke, umusaruro uva ku musaruro, abakozi bakeneye, n'ibindi, kugira ngo bituzane ejo hazaza.” Ati. Ati: "Turashobora gukora ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose kugira ngo dukomeze imbere binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga."
Lipman ikoresha urubuga rwa CropTrak, ni uburyo bwo kubika inyandiko ikusanya amakuru ku bikorwa hafi ya byose by'umurima. Mu murima, amakuru yose yatanzwe na Lipman ashingiye kuri GPS. Williams yerekanye ko umurongo wose ufite umubare, kandi imikorere yabantu imaze imyaka icumi ikurikiranwa. Aya makuru arashobora noneho gucukurwa nubwenge bwubukorikori (AI) kugirango asuzume imikorere cyangwa imikorere iteganijwe kumurima.
Williams yagize ati: "Twakoresheje icyitegererezo mu mezi make ashize dusanga iyo ucometse mu mateka yose y’amateka yerekeye ikirere, ibibujijwe, ubwoko, n'ibindi, ubushobozi bwacu bwo guhanura umusaruro w’ubuhinzi ntabwo ari bwiza nkubwenge bw’ubukorikori". Ati: "Ibi bifitanye isano no kugurisha kwacu kandi biduha umutekano runaka ku bijyanye n’inyungu zishobora guteganijwe muri iki gihembwe. Turabizi ko hazabaho ibice bimwe na bimwe muri iki gikorwa, ariko ni byiza ko tubasha kubamenya no gukomeza imbere yabo kugira ngo birinde umusaruro mwinshi. Igikoresho cya."
Paul Meador wo muri Everglades Gusarura yatanze igitekerezo ko mugihe runaka inganda za citrus zishobora gutekereza ku miterere y’amashyamba azakoreshwa gusa mu gusarura cyane citrusi kugira ngo agabanye umurimo n’ibiciro. Ifoto tuyikesha Oxbo International
Ikindi gice cyiterambere ryikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi abitabiriye ibiganiro babonye ni ukubika imirimo. Ibi ni ngombwa cyane cyane muri leta igenda iterwa nakazi ka H-2A kandi ifite ibisabwa byinshi byo kubika inyandiko. Ariko, kuba ushobora gukurikirana umusaruro wumurimo wumurima bifite izindi nyungu, zemewe na porogaramu nyinshi zigezweho.
Inganda zo muri Amerika zifite isukari zifite umwanya munini kandi zikoresha abantu benshi. Isosiyete yashora imari mugutezimbere software kugirango icunge abakozi bayo. Sisitemu irashobora no gukurikirana imikorere yibikoresho. Ifasha isosiyete gukomeza gukora ibimashini hamwe nabasaruzi kugirango birinde igihe cyo kubungabunga mugihe cyamadirishya akomeye.
McDuffie yagize ati: "Vuba aha, twashyize mu bikorwa ibyo bita ibikorwa by'indashyikirwa." “Sisitemu ikurikirana ubuzima bwacu bw'imashini ndetse n'umusaruro ukoreshwa, ndetse n'imirimo yose yo kugena igihe.”
Nkibibazo bibiri bikomeye byugarije abahinzi, kubura akazi nigiciro cyacyo biragaragara cyane. Ibi bibahatira gushaka uburyo bwo kugabanya abakozi. Ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi riracyafite inzira ndende, ariko rirafata.
Nubwo gusarura imashini ya citrus byahuye nimbogamizi mugihe HLB yahageraga, yasubiwemo uyu munsi nyuma yumuyaga hagati ya 2000.
Meador yagize ati: "Ikibabaje ni uko muri Floride nta gusarura imashini, ariko ikoranabuhanga rihari mu bindi bihingwa by'ibiti, nk'ikawa na elayo ukoresheje trellis hamwe n’isarura rya interrow. Nizera ko igihe kimwe, inganda zacu za citrus zizatangira. Wibande ku nyubako z’amashyamba, imizi mishya, ndetse n’ikoranabuhanga rishobora gutuma ubu bwoko bw'isarura bushoboka."
King Ranch aherutse gushora imari muri Global Unmanned Spray Sisitemu (GUSS). Imashini yigenga ikoresha lidar iyerekwa kugirango yimuke mumashyamba, igabanya ibikenewe kubakoresha. Umuntu umwe arashobora gukoresha imashini enye hamwe na mudasobwa igendanwa muri cabine ye.
Umwirondoro wo hasi wa GUSS wagenewe gutwara byoroshye mu murima, amashami atemba hejuru ya sprayer. (Ifoto ya David Eddie)
Lucas yagize ati: "Binyuze muri iri koranabuhanga, turashobora kugabanya ibyifuzo bya za traktor 12 na spray 12 kugeza kuri 4 GUSS". Ati: "Tuzashobora kugabanya umubare w'abantu ku bantu 8 kandi dutwikire ubutaka bwinshi kuko dushobora gukoresha imashini igihe cyose. Ubu, ni ugutera gusa, ariko turizera ko dushobora kongera akazi nko gukoresha imiti yica ibyatsi no guca. Iyi ntabwo ari gahunda ihendutse. Ariko tuzi uko abakozi bakorera kandi twiteguye gushora imari nubwo bidatinze. Twishimiye cyane iryo koranabuhanga."
Umutekano wibiribwa hamwe no gukurikiranwa byabaye ingirakamaro mubikorwa bya buri munsi ndetse nisaha kumurima wibihingwa byihariye. Imirima ya C&B iherutse gushyiraho sisitemu nshya ya barcode ishobora gukurikirana umusaruro wakazi hamwe nibikoresho bipakiye-hasi kumurima. Ibi ntabwo ari ingirakamaro mu kwihaza mu biribwa gusa, ahubwo biranakoreshwa ku mushahara ugabanijwe ku mirimo yo gusarura.
Obern yagize ati: "Dufite ibinini na printer ku rubuga." "Ducapa ibyapa ku rubuga. Amakuru yoherezwa mu biro akajya mu murima, kandi ibyapa bihabwa nimero ya PTI (Ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku buhinzi Traceability Initiative).
Ati: "Ndetse dukurikirana ibicuruzwa twohereza ku bakiriya bacu. Dufite ibyuma bikurikirana ubushyuhe bwa GPS mu byoherezwa biduha amakuru nyayo [ku mbuga no gukonjesha umusaruro] buri minota 10, kandi tukamenyesha abakiriya bacu uko imizigo yabo ibageraho."
Nubwo ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi risaba kwigira no gukoresha amafaranga, abagize itsinda bemeje ko bizaba ngombwa mu rwego rwo guhatanira guhinga imirima yabo. Ubushobozi bwo kuzamura umusaruro, kugabanya umurimo, no kongera umusaruro wumurimo wubuhinzi bizaba urufunguzo rwigihe kizaza.
Obern yagize ati: "Tugomba gushaka uburyo bwo guhangana n'abanywanyi b'abanyamahanga." Ati: "Ntibazahinduka kandi bazakomeza kugaragara. Ibiciro byabo biri hasi cyane ugereranije n'ibyacu, bityo rero tugomba gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rishobora kongera imikorere no kugabanya ibiciro."
Nubwo abahinzi b’itsinda ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubuhinzi UF / IFAS bemera ko hajyaho n’ubwitange bw’ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi, bemeza ko hari imbogamizi mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo. Dore bimwe mubintu bagaragaje.
Frank Giles ni umwanditsi w'ikinyamakuru Florida Growers na Cotton Growers Magazine, byombi ni ibitabo bya Meister Media Worldwide. Reba inkuru zose zabanditsi hano.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-31-2021
