Guverinoma nshya y'Ubushinwa ibuza gukoresha ingufu byatumye abantu benshi batanga Apple, Tesla n'andi masosiyete bahagarika by'agateganyo umusaruro mu nganda nyinshi zo mu Bushinwa.
Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza, byibuze amasosiyete 15 y’Abashinwa yashyizwe ku rutonde akora ibikoresho n’ibicuruzwa bitandukanye avuga ko yahagaritse umusaruro kubera ikibazo cy’amashanyarazi.
Mu minsi yashize, umuriro w'amashanyarazi n'umuriro byadindije cyangwa bihagarika inganda hirya no hino mu Bushinwa, bikaba byugarije ubukungu bushya Ubushinwa, kandi birashobora gukomeza guhagarika urwego mpuzamahanga ku isoko mbere y’igihe gikomeye cyo guhaha Noheri mu Burengerazuba.
Abatanga amasoko menshi ya Apple, Tesla nandi masosiyete yahagaritse by'agateganyo umusaruro mu nganda nyinshi zo mu Bushinwa kugira ngo bubahirize ingufu zikenewe kandi bikabangamira itangwa ry’ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki mu gihe cy’ibihe byinshi. Iki cyemezo kiri mu bigize guverinoma nshya y'Ubushinwa ibuza gukoresha ingufu z'igihugu.
Ku bijyanye na Apple, igihe ni ingenzi, kubera ko igihangange mu buhanga kimaze gusohora ibikoresho bishya bya iPhone 13 biheruka, kandi kubera ko igihe ntarengwa cyo gutanga imashini nshya ya iPhone cyatinze, abinjira inyuma bariyongera. Nubwo abatanga Apple bose batagira ingaruka, gahunda yo gukora ibice nkibibaho na disikuru byahagaritswe iminsi myinshi.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko izamuka ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu ribangamiwe n’igihombo cy’umusaruro uterwa n’umuriro w'amashanyarazi. Icyakora, nk'uko Reuters ibitangaza, abakora chip ebyiri zo muri Tayiwani, abakora chip United Microelectronics na TSMC, bavuze ko inganda zabo mu Bushinwa zikora bisanzwe.
Ubushinwa n’ibihugu bikoresha ingufu nyinshi ku isi ndetse n’ibisohora imyuka myinshi ya dioxyde de carbone. Guverinoma y'Ubushinwa yahagaritse by'agateganyo amashanyarazi mu bice byinshi by'inganda, bigaragara ko igabanya ibiciro byazamuka ku bakora ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.
Raporo iheruka gusohoka, isosiyete ikora ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga ya Apple Unimicron Technology Corp yatangaje ku ya 26 Nzeri ko amashami yayo atatu yo mu Bushinwa azahagarika umusaruro guhera saa sita zijoro ku ya 26 Nzeri kugeza saa sita zijoro kugeza ku ya 30 Nzeri kugira ngo yubahirize politiki y’ubuyobozi bw’ibanze. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, abatanga ibikoresho bya iphone ya iPhone hamwe na Suzhou nyir'uruganda rukora uruganda rwa Concraft Holdings Co., Ltd batangaje ko ruzahagarika umusaruro mu minsi itanu kugeza saa sita z'amanywa ku ya 30 Nzeri, mu gihe ibarura rizakoreshwa mu guhaza ibyifuzo.
Mu itangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara n’ishami rya Eson Precision Ind Co Ltd ryitwa Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd (Foxconn) ryatangaje ko umusaruro ku ruganda rwayo rwa Kunshan uzahagarikwa kugeza ku ya 1 Ukwakira.
Imwe mu nkomoko yongeyeho ko Foxconn yagombaga “guhindura” igice gito cy’ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora, harimo no gukora mudasobwa zigendanwa zitari Apple, ariko ubucuruzi ntibwabonye ko hari ingaruka zikomeye ku bindi bigo binini byo mu Bushinwa. Icyakora, undi muntu yavuze ko uruganda rugomba kwimura abakozi ba Kunshan bahinduranya kuva mu mpera za Nzeri kugeza mu ntangiriro z'Ukwakira.
Kuva mu 2011, Ubushinwa bwatwitse amakara menshi kurusha ibindi bihugu byose hamwe. Dukurikije imibare yatanzwe n’isosiyete ikora peteroli BP, Ubushinwa bwagize 24% by’ingufu zikoreshwa ku isi mu 2018. Biteganijwe ko mu 2040, Ubushinwa buzakomeza kuza ku isonga, bingana na 22% by’ibikoreshwa ku isi.
Guverinoma y'Ubushinwa yatanze gahunda y’iterambere ry’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa mu Kuboza 2016 mu rwego rwo kongerera “gahunda y’imyaka 13 y’imyaka itanu” igamije iterambere ry’ubukungu n’ubukungu, ikubiyemo igihe cya 2016-20. Yiyemeje kongera igipimo cy’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu n’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zidasanzwe kugeza 20% muri 2030.
Muri 2017, ingufu zirenga 30% zishobora gukorerwa mu ntara ya Sinayi na Gansu mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa ntizakoreshejwe. Ibyo biterwa nuko ingufu zidashobora gutangwa aho zikenewe-imigi minini ituwe cyane muburasirazuba bwUbushinwa, nka Shanghai na Beijing, kilometero ibihumbi.
Amakara akomeje kuba ishingiro ry’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa. Muri 2019, bingana na 58% by'ingufu zose zikoreshwa mu gihugu. Ubushinwa buzongerera 38.4 GW y’amashanyarazi akomoka ku makara mu 2020, bukubye inshuro zirenga eshatu ubushobozi bw’isi bwashyizweho ku isi.
Vuba aha ariko, Perezida w’Ubushinwa Xi Jinping yavuze ko Ubushinwa butazongera kubaka amashanyarazi mashya akoreshwa n’amakara mu mahanga. Igihugu cyafashe icyemezo cyo kongera kwishingikiriza ku zindi mbaraga zitanga ingufu kandi cyiyemeje kugera ku kutabogama kwa karubone mu 2060.
Nk’uko ibiro ntaramakuru Reuters bibitangaza ngo amakara adahagije, itangwa ry’imyuka ihumanya ikirere, hamwe n’ibikenerwa cyane n’inganda n’inganda byatumye ibiciro by’amakara byiyongera cyane bituma Ubushinwa bugabanya cyane imikoreshereze yabyo.
Kuva byibura muri Werurwe 2021, igihe abayobozi b'Intara y'imbere ya Mongoliya bategetse inganda zimwe na zimwe ziremereye, harimo n'uruganda rwa aluminiyumu, kugabanya imikoreshereze yazo mu rwego rwo kugera ku ntego zo gukoresha ingufu mu ntara mu gihembwe cya mbere, ikigo kinini cy'inganda mu Bushinwa cyahanganye n'ikibazo cyo guhangana n'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi rimwe na rimwe. Haguruka ukoreshe imipaka.
Muri Gicurasi uyu mwaka, abahinguzi bo mu Bushinwa bo muri Guangdong ndetse n’ibihugu bikomeye byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bahawe ibisabwa bisa kugira ngo bagabanye ibicuruzwa bitewe n’ikirere gishyushye kandi kiri munsi y’urwego rusanzwe rw’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi, bikaviramo ubukana bwa gride.
Dukurikije imibare yatanzwe na komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura (NDRC), ikigo gikuru gishinzwe igenamigambi ry’Ubushinwa, 10 mu turere 30 gusa mu turere 30 two ku mugabane w’Ubushinwa ni bwo bwageze ku ntego zo kuzigama ingufu mu mezi atandatu ya mbere ya 2021.
Iki kigo cyatangaje kandi hagati muri Nzeri ko uturere tunaniwe kugera ku ntego zacu tuzahanishwa ibihano bikaze, kandi abayobozi bo mu nzego z'ibanze bakaba bafite inshingano zo kugabanya ingufu z’amashanyarazi mu turere twabo.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, inzego z’ibanze mu ntara za Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Yunnan na Guangdong zasabye ibigo kugabanya gukoresha amashanyarazi cyangwa umusaruro.
Bamwe mu batanga amashanyarazi bamenyesheje abakoresha cyane guhagarika umusaruro mu masaha y’amashanyarazi (ashobora kumara guhera saa moya za mugitondo kugeza saa kumi n'imwe z'umugoroba) cyangwa bagahagarika burundu iminsi ibiri cyangwa itatu mu cyumweru, mu gihe abandi bategekwa guhagarika kugeza igihe babimenyeshejwe cyangwa kugeza ku munsi runaka, urugero, uruganda rutunganya soya i Tianjin mu burasirazuba bw'Ubushinwa ruzafungwa ku ya 22 Nzeri.
Ingaruka ku nganda ni nini, zirimo ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu cyane nko gushonga aluminiyumu, gukora ibyuma, umusaruro wa sima, no gukora ifumbire.
Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza, byibuze amasosiyete 15 y’Abashinwa yashyizwe ku rutonde akora ibikoresho n’ibicuruzwa bitandukanye avuga ko ibura ry’amashanyarazi ryatumye umusaruro uhagarara. Icyakora, ntibisobanutse igihe ikibazo cyo gutanga amashanyarazi kizamara.
Nta gushidikanya, uzi ko Swarajya nigicuruzwa cyitangazamakuru gishingiye ku nkunga itangwa nabasomyi muburyo bwo kwiyandikisha. Ntabwo dufite imbaraga ninkunga yitsinda rinini ryitangazamakuru, ntanubwo turwanira tombora nini yo kwamamaza.
Icyitegererezo cyubucuruzi niwowe hamwe nabiyandikishije. Mubihe nkibi, ubu dukeneye inkunga yawe kuruta mbere hose.
Dutanga ingingo zirenga 10-15 zifite ubuziranenge hamwe nubushishozi nibitekerezo. Turimo gukora guhera saa moya za mugitondo kugeza saa kumi z'umugoroba kugirango tumenye neza ko wowe, musomyi, ushobora kubona igikwiye.
Kuba umuterankunga cyangwa abiyandikishije kumafaranga ari munsi ya 1.200 / mwaka ninzira nziza yo gushyigikira imbaraga zacu.
Swarajya-ihema rinini rifite uburenganzira bwo kuvugira ikigo cy’ubwisanzure, gishobora kuvugana, kuvugana no kugaburira Ubuhinde bushya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-07-2021
